The original inhabitants of the region were the Lenape Native Americans, who were mostly farmers. In 1666, the Dutch West India Company founded a settlement in the area, and by 1669, it had become the first permanent European settlement in the state of New Jersey. The colony of New Jersey was established in 1702, and the city of Newark was incorporated in 1790. The city was named after the New Amsterdam seaport of the same name. The city's first major growth spurt began in the mid-19th century when the railroad was extended to the city. By the 1880s, the city's industries had developed into steel production, and the growth of the city was helped by the establishment of a municipal water supply in 1885. The first electric street railway in the country was introduced in the city in 1888, and the first passenger train service was provided by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1890. During the early 20th century, the city's population grew rapidly, and the population reached 100,000 in 1910. During World War I, the city became the site of a major military camp and airfield. A major fire in the city in 1926 destroyed much of the downtown area, and the Great Depression resulted in a severe decline in the city's economy. However, the city was a major industrial center during the Second World War, and the city's population grew from 100,000 in 1940 to 300,000 in 1950. After the war, the city's population began to decline again, and the city lost much of its manufacturing base. However, the city was the site of the first light-rail transit system in the United States in 1946, and the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal was opened in 1953.

With its diverse population, Newark is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in America. The city is also known for its vibrant arts scene and its strong economy. Newark is home to the University of Newark, the largest university in New Jersey, and hosts many events throughout the year. Newark is also home to the Prudential Centre, which houses the New Jersey Devils, the New Jersey Nets, and the New York Liberty basketball team. Newark is also home to the historic Newark Museum and the New Jersey Performing Arts Centre, which hosts Broadway shows.